Issue is solved by SAP:
Customer has implemented the BADI HRESS_MENU with methods
IF_EX_HRESS_MENU~MODIFY_APPLICATION_ATTRIBUTES and
IF_EX_HRESS_MENU~MODIFY_FOLDER_ATTRIBUTES.
If you set a folder to invisible in these methods you have to set all
subfolders to invisible, too.
When the visibility is not set to false for the subfolders, the system
continues its processing and finds out at one point of time that the
parent folder is already deleted for these folders and hence leads to
the dump.
The dump occurs in CL_APB_LAUNCHPAD=>SET_NEW_LINK_TEXT because the
application id does not exist.
Why does the application not exist? > customer has deleted it using
the BADi implementation, we have a check in
CL_FPM_NAVIGATION=>IF_FPM_NAVIGATION~MODIFY to stop processing if an
application is deleted (check against table MT_TARGETS)
As CL_HRESS_LPD_MENU=>IF_GUIBB_LAUNCHPAD~MODIFY suppresses the rebuild
of table MT_TARGETS, this table is outdated when
CL_FPM_NAVIGATION=>IF_FPM_NAVIGATION~MODIFY is called. In this case
you have to ensure that the application id is valid.